How to Determine If a Gripper's Clamping Force Is Sufficient?

In any automated gripping system, clamping force determines whether a workpiece can be securely held and transported. Insufficient grip may cause part slippage, misalignment, or even equipment damage. Therefore, accurately assessing whether a gripper's clamping force is sufficient is crucial during selection and operation.

1. Four Key Factors for Evaluating Clamping Force

1. Workpiece Weight

The gripper should provide at least 2–3 times the gravitational force of the part to prevent slipping due to vibration or inertia.
Example Formula:
Required Clamping Force ≥ Part Weight × g × Safety Factor (usually 2~3)

2. Coefficient of Friction

Lower friction between the gripper jaw and the workpiece requires higher clamping force. For instance, steel-on-steel has ~0.3 coefficient, but oil on the surface can reduce it significantly.

3. Orientation and Motion Speed

Vertical lifting requires force to counter full gravity. High-speed movements or sudden stops increase the need for stronger grip due to added inertia.

4. Environmental and Gripper Type

Harsh environments (heat, dust, humidity) may affect gripper performance. Pneumatic, electric, and self-locking grippers vary in their stability and safety under different conditions.

2. Practical Tips

• Use the gripping force–air pressure–stroke chart provided by manufacturers to estimate capabilities.

• Choose grippers with integrated sensors for grip confirmation feedback to enhance safety.

• Brisk high-clamping grippers range from 30N to 100N, suitable for sheet metal and medium-to-heavy parts.

• For safety-critical operations or large parts, self-locking grippers are highly recommended to prevent part drops during pressure loss.

3. Conclusion

Clamping force should not simply be “as strong as possible,” but matched to your part size, material, handling speed, and system design. Proper force assessment and gripper selection are key to ensuring safe, stable, and efficient automated production.